INSOMNIA

Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty in falling asleep, staying asleep, or experiencing non-refreshing sleep despite having the opportunity to sleep. It can happen or occur in many ways, including :-

Difficulty Falling Asleep (Onset Insomnia): Individuals may have trouble initiating sleep at the beginning of the night.

Difficulty Staying Asleep (Maintenance Insomnia): People with maintenance insomnia find it challenging to stay asleep throughout the night, waking up multiple times.

Early Morning Awakening (Terminal Insomnia): Individuals may wake up earlier than desired and have difficulty returning to sleep.

Non-refreshing Sleep: Even if individuals with insomnia do manage to sleep, they may wake up feeling unrefreshed and fatigued.

Insomnia can be Acute (short-term) or Chronic (long-term). It may be a primary condition or secondary to other medical or psychiatric issues. Common causes of insomnia include stress, anxiety, depression, medical conditions, certain medications, irregular sleep schedules, and lifestyle factors.

Symptoms of Insomnia :-

  • Difficulty falling asleep at night.
  • Waking up during the night.
  • Waking up too early in the morning.
  • Feeling tired upon waking.
  • Daytime sleepiness.
  • Irritability, anxiety, or difficulty concentrating.

Risk Factors :-

  • Stress and life changes.
  • Mental health disorders (e.g., anxiety, depression).
  • Chronic medical conditions.
  • Use of certain medications.
  • Irregular sleep schedule.
  • Poor sleep environment.

 

Medicines used for Insomia :-

1. Zopiclone:

  • Class: Non-benzodiazepine hypnotic.
  • Mechanism of Action: Enhances the effect of neurotransmitter GABA, promoting sleep.
  • Dosage and Administration: Typically taken just before bedtime.
  • Precautions: Potential for dependence; should be used short-term under medical supervision.

2. Eszopiclone:

  • Class: Non-benzodiazepine hypnotic.
  • Mechanism of Action: Interacts with GABA receptors to induce sleep.
  • Dosage and Administration: Usually taken at bedtime.
  • Precautions: May cause drowsiness the next day; avoid alcohol.

3. Etilaam (Etizolam):

  • Class: Thienodiazepine derivative (similar to benzodiazepines).
  • Mechanism of Action: Acts on GABA receptors, producing anxiolytic and sedative effects.
  • Dosage and Administration: Dosage varies; should be taken under medical supervision.
  • Precautions: Potential for dependence; should be used cautiously and not for long-term use.

4. Tofisign (Tofisopam):

  • Class: Benzodiazepine derivative.
  • Mechanism of Action: Anxiolytic and muscle relaxant properties; exact mechanism not fully understood.
  • Dosage and Administration: Dosage may vary; typically taken orally.
  • Precautions: Generally considered to have a lower risk of dependence compared to traditional benzodiazepines.

 

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